Arrow Speed Calculator

The Arrow Speed Calculator estimates arrow velocity and kinetic energy based on bow draw weight, arrow weight, and efficiency. This tool helps archers and bowhunters optimize their setup for better accuracy and lethality. Whether you are tuning a new compound bow, selecting arrows for hunting season, or adjusting for high-altitude conditions, this tool provides the data needed for ethical and effective shots.

Enter the draw weight of your bow in pounds (lbs)
Enter your draw length in inches
Enter the total arrow weight in grains (including point, nock, fletching, etc.)
Different bow types have different efficiency ratings
Optional: Enter your bow's IBO speed rating in fps (leave blank to calculate without)

How Arrow Speed and Kinetic Energy Is Calculated

Arrow speed represents the velocity of the arrow leaving the bow, while Kinetic Energy measures the force of impact upon hitting the target. To ensure precision, the tool first adjusts the manufacturer's IBO rating based on your specific draw length and arrow weight. It then applies a Bow Efficiency factor to account for energy loss typical of different bow types, such as recurves or compounds.

KE = (v² × m) / 450,240

Where:

  • v = Arrow Speed (fps)
  • m = Arrow Mass (grains)
  1. Determine base speed by adjusting the IBO rating for your specific draw weight and length.
  2. Reduce the speed value using the Bow Efficiency percentage to match your bow style.
  3. Apply Atmospheric Conditions to simulate real-world air density effects on flight.
  4. Calculate Kinetic Energy using the final speed and total arrow mass.

What Your Arrow Speed and Kinetic Energy Means

Your results indicate how your arrow will fly and hit the target. Higher arrow speed leads to a flatter trajectory, which helps accuracy over long distances by reducing drop. Kinetic Energy determines if you have enough power for a quick, ethical harvest.

Target Shooting: For general target practice, a speed between 220-280 fps provides a good balance of control and distance.

Hunting Small Game: Aim for 25-40 ft-lbs of Kinetic Energy to ensure clean shots on rabbits or turkeys.

Hunting Medium Game: You typically need 40-65 ft-lbs of KE for whitetail deer and antelope.

Hunting Large Game: For elk, moose, or bear, look for results greater than 65 ft-lbs of KE.

Important

Always test your specific setup in the field, as mechanical broadheads can reduce speed and affect penetration compared to field points.

Disclaimer: This calculator is for educational and informational purposes only. Hunting regulations vary by region; always consult local laws and professionals to ensure compliance and safety.

If your results are lower than expected for your goals, try switching to lighter arrows or increasing your draw weight if your bow allows.